The Kingdom of Siam: The Art of Central Thailand, 1350-1800

In 1686 King Louis XIV of France had the great Hall of Mirrors in the Versailles specially prepared to receive, with exceptional pomp and ceremony, a group of foreign envoys. The envoys brought with them two shiploads of gifts for the court. In fact, they delivered so many objects of gold, silver, and lacquer that the French complained that their list would be as long as a book. The envoys had been sent from the kingdom of Ayutthaya, or "Siam" as it was known in the West. Though little remembered today, Ayutthaya was one of the largest and most important kingdoms of Southeast Asia. Founded in 1351, the kingdom flourished for more than four hundred years - longer than China''s Ming dynasty. It was a major trading center with diplomatic ties with China, Japan, Persia, and the Ryukyu kingdom (Okinawa), and, from the seventeenth century on, with Great Britian, France, the Netherlands, and Portugal. The envoys'' gifts reflected this trade activity - more than fifteen hundred pieces of porcelain (mostly Chinese), Persian, and Indian carpets, and many other objects from Japan and China were given to the French king and his relatives.